Rah e Falah Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
Islamic Perspective on Economic Thought in the Poetry of Mian Muhammad Bakhsh: A Critical Study of Wealth, Poverty, Distribution of Resources, and Ethical Economics
This study examines the Islamic Perspective on economic thought embedded in the poetry of Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, with particular attention to wealth, poverty, distribution of resources, charity, governance and social responsibility. Focusing mainly on Saif ul Malook, the article argues that Bakhsh does not present a formal theory of economics. Instead, his poetry develops a moral and Sufi understanding of economic life. Wealth is treated as temporary and ethically meaningful only when it serves human welfare. The study highlights his concern for the poor, hungry, orphans, travelers and other vulnerable groups. It also shows how generosity, food provision, remission of financial burdens, support for trade and just rule form part of his wider moral vision. A comparative reading with Baba Farid, Sultan Bahu, and Bulleh Shah reveals shared concerns with poverty, detachment, equality and the limits of material status. However, Bakhsh gives greater narrative attention to distribution and public welfare. The article concludes that his poetry offers a distinctive model of Sufi moral economy rooted in justice, compassion, responsibility, and collective well being. This perspective also gives his work continuing contemporary social relevance.
Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, Saif ul Malook, Moral Economy, Wealth, Poverty, Sufi Poetry, Social Welfare
Copyright (c) 2025 Islamic Research Journal { القدوۃ }
المناورات العسكرية المشتركة والتكامل الدفاعي وصولاً إلى الاتفاق الاستراتيجي الباكستاني السعودي (2005م–2025م)Joint Military Exercises and Defense Integration: The Evolution of Pakistan–Saudi Arabia Strategic Defense Partnership from Operational Cooperation to the Strategic Agreement (2005–2025)
The defense and security relations between Pakistan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have witnessed significant transformation during the period 2005–2025, evolving from traditional military cooperation into a comprehensive strategic defense partnership. This study examines the role of joint military exercises, operational coordination, defense exchanges, and institutional cooperation in shaping the contemporary security relationship between the two countries. It argues that the growing complexity of regional and international security challenges has encouraged Pakistan and Saudi Arabia to expand their defense cooperation beyond conventional military assistance toward a broader framework of strategic integration. The study analyzes how joint military exercises conducted by the armed forces of both countries contributed to enhancing operational compatibility, improving combat readiness, and facilitating the exchange of military expertise in areas including counterterrorism, special operations, air defense, maritime security, and modern warfare capabilities. These exercises were not merely tactical activities but represented a strategic mechanism for strengthening mutual trust and developing a shared security vision. The research also explores the impact of major regional and global transformations on Pakistan–Saudi defense cooperation, including the post-9/11 security environment, the rise of non-traditional security threats, instability in the Middle East, geopolitical competition among major powers, and the changing security dynamics of the Gulf and South Asian regions. In this context, both countries recognized the importance of strengthening bilateral defense cooperation to protect their strategic interests and contribute to regional stability. Furthermore, the study highlights the gradual transition of Pakistan–Saudi military relations from training-based cooperation and defense assistance toward a structured strategic partnership based on institutional coordination, shared security objectives, and long-term defense planning. It examines how two decades of military exercises and defense collaboration created the practical foundation for the strategic defense framework announced in 2025. The study concludes that Pakistan–Saudi defense relations represent a unique model of long-term strategic cooperation in the Islamic world, built upon historical trust, mutual security interests, and complementary military capabilities. The evolution from joint exercises to strategic defense partnership reflects the changing nature of regional security and demonstrates the importance of collective defense mechanisms in addressing emerging challenges in the twenty-first century.
Pakistan–Saudi Arabia Relations; Defense Cooperation; Strategic Partnership; Joint Military Exercises; Military Integration; Security Cooperation; Gulf Security; Counterterrorism; Regional Stability; Strategic Defense Agreement; Middle East Security; South Asian Security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Islamic Research Journal { القدوۃ }
الجذور التاريخية للعلاقات الباكستانية السعودية وتطورها (1947-1970م)Historical Roots and Evolution of Pakistan–Saudi Arabia Relations; A Historical and Analytical Study:(1947–1970)
Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations represent one of the most significant and enduring examples of cooperation among Muslim countries in the modern era. These relations are characterized by deep-rooted religious, historical, cultural, political, and strategic ties that have continued to strengthen over the decades. This research examines the historical foundations and evolution of Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations during the formative period from 1947 to 1970, focusing on the factors that contributed to the establishment and development of this unique bilateral partnership. The study begins with the establishment of diplomatic relations following the independence of Pakistan in 1947 and highlights the early recognition of Pakistan by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a significant milestone in the history of bilateral relations. It explores the role of shared Islamic identity, religious bonds, and the special position of Saudi Arabia as the custodian of the Two Holy Mosques in shaping mutual understanding and cooperation between the two nations. Furthermore, the research analyzes the political developments between the two countries during the 1950s and 1960s, including high-level diplomatic exchanges, mutual support on regional and international issues, and the impact of King Saud bin Abdulaziz’s visit to Pakistan in 1954, which marked an important turning point in strengthening political and cultural relations. The study also examines the emergence of Islamic solidarity as a major dimension of bilateral cooperation, particularly through joint efforts in supporting Muslim causes and participating in the establishment of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in 1969. It highlights how religious and strategic considerations combined to transform Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations from ordinary diplomatic ties into a broader partnership based on mutual trust and shared interests. This research adopts a historical and analytical methodology by utilizing Arabic, Urdu, and English sources, including books, academic studies, official documents, and contemporary newspapers. The study concludes that the period between 1947 and 1970 laid the fundamental foundations of modern Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations and established the principles of Islamic brotherhood, political cooperation, and strategic partnership that continue to define their bilateral relations.
Pakistan–Saudi Arabia Relations, Diplomatic History, Islamic Solidarity, Foreign Policy, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Muslim World, Strategic Cooperation.
Islamic Sociology and Modern Social Theory:A Comparative Study of Ibn Khaldun, Durkheim, and Weber
This article develops a comparative sociology of religion through a sustained engagement with Ibn Khaldun, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber. It argues that Ibn Khaldun should not be treated merely as a precursor to European sociology, but as the architect of a distinctive civilizational sociology in which social solidarity, political authority, moral discipline, economic production, and historical change are analytically connected. Durkheim clarifies how ritual, collective representations, and the sacred generate social cohesion, while Weber explains how religious meanings, forms of legitimate authority, and processes of rationalization shape institutions and economic conduct. The article compares their assumptions about human agency, religion, solidarity, power, social change, method, and modernity. It then proposes an integrated framework for Islamic sociology that combines normative revelation with historical explanation, interpretive understanding, institutional analysis, and ethical evaluation. The framework is extended to contemporary questions including artificial intelligence, digital religion, religious pluralism, minority rights, mosque-based social cohesion, surveillance, and misinformation. The study concludes that an intellectually mature Islamic sociology should neither imitate modern Western theory uncritically nor reject it wholesale. Its task is to assess social reality empirically, interpret human meanings carefully, and evaluate institutions through an Islamic moral horizon centered on justice, dignity, responsibility, and public welfare.
Islamic sociology; Ibn Khaldun; Durkheim; Weber; sociology of religion; ʿasabiyyah; social solidarity; rationalization; religion and society; artificial intelligence
From Tolerance to Cooperation: A Comparative Study of Peaceful Religious Coexistence in Denmark and the United States
This article compares peaceful religious coexistence in Denmark and the United States, two constitutional democracies that protect freedom of religion but organize religion, citizenship, and public life through different institutional histories. Denmark combines a strong welfare state, a constitutionally established national church, and an increasingly diverse population. The United States combines formal disestablishment, a highly plural religious marketplace, and extensive constitutional protection for free exercise. Using a comparative qualitative method, the study examines legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, minority experiences, interfaith organizations, religious literacy, public controversies, and the role of faith communities in civic service. It argues that Denmark's principal strength lies in social trust, local coordination, and the capacity of public institutions to support stable inclusion, while the United States benefits from dense voluntary associations, legal pluralism, and the public visibility of multiple faiths. Both systems also face serious pressures, including Islamophobia, antisemitism, securitized debates about minorities, digital polarization, and the risk that interfaith work becomes ceremonial rather than transformative. Drawing on the scholarship of Ataur Rehman, Hafiz Faiz Rasool, Salman Arif, and Abbas Ali Raza, the article proposes a comparative cooperation model built around equal dignity, religious literacy, principled dialogue, joint service, youth participation, and accountable institutions. Two graphical representations and an implementation matrix translate the analysis into a practical framework for religious centers, municipalities, universities, and civil society organizations.
Denmark; United States; Religious Coexistence; Interfaith Dialogue; Religious Freedom; Muslim Minorities; Pluralism; Peacebuilding; Social Cohesion; Religious Literacy
Digital Interfaith Dialogue: Using Social Media to Reduce Religious Polarization
Digital platforms have become major sites of religious encounter, yet their architecture frequently rewards outrage, simplification, and identity-based conflict. This article examines how social media can intensify religious polarization and how digital interfaith dialogue can be redesigned as a practical peacebuilding method. Drawing on Islamic ethics, comparative religion, public ethics, digital media studies, and the scholarship of Ataur Rehman, Hafiz Faiz Rasool, Salman Arif, and Abbas Ali Raza, the study develops a six-part framework: religious literacy, ethical communication, narrative humanization, moderated encounter, collaborative digital service, and institutional accountability. It argues that interfaith dialogue must move beyond ceremonial statements and become a sustained digital practice capable of correcting misinformation, reducing collective blame, protecting minority dignity, and creating cross-religious civic cooperation. Two conceptual figures and an implementation matrix are included to translate the framework into measurable programs for religious institutions, universities, civil society organizations, and social media platforms. The article concludes that social media does not inevitably produce division. When guided by moral restraint, informed moderation, and shared public responsibility, it can become an infrastructure for religious understanding and social cohesion.
Digital Interfaith Dialogue; Social Media; Religious Polarization; Online Hate Speech; Religious Literacy; Peacebuilding; Islamophobia; Antisemitism; Public Ethics; Algorithmic Governance
From Tolerance to Cooperation: Interreligious Models for Peaceful Coexistence
Religious pluralism is one of the defining realities of contemporary public life. Yet many interreligious initiatives remain limited to tolerance, a minimal ethic that asks communities merely to endure one another without building moral partnership, civic trust, or shared responsibility. This article argues that peaceful coexistence in the modern world requires a movement from tolerance to cooperation. Drawing on Islamic, Jewish, Christian, and comparative religious ethics, it develops an interreligious model grounded in theological integrity, human dignity, moral restraint, shared service, and public responsibility. The article follows the scholarly pattern of recent faith-based public ethics research by connecting scriptural reasoning with practical concerns such as minority rights, religious literacy, social unity, Islamophobia, antisemitism, charitable cooperation, environmental responsibility, digital ethics, and civic peace. It also integrates the relevant scholarship of Ataur Rehman, Abbas Ali Raza, Salman Arif, Hafiz Faiz Rasool, and their co-authors to show that interreligious peace cannot be reduced to abstract harmony. It must be practiced through institutions, education, neighborly service, ethical communication, and justice for vulnerable communities. The article concludes that cooperation does not require religions to abandon their truth claims. Rather, cooperation allows religious communities to preserve their theological identities while working together for the common good.
Interreligious Cooperation; Peaceful Coexistence; Interfaith Dialogue; Religious Pluralism; Islam; Judaism; Christianity; Public Ethics; Minority Rights; Social Unity
Jews, Gentiles, and Muslims: Theoretical Reflections on Interreligious Boundaries, Ethical Interaction, and Public Responsibility
The comparative study of religion shows that religious communities rarely define themselves in isolation. They are shaped through revelation, law, ritual discipline, moral imagination, historical struggle, and encounter with religious others. This article offers a theoretical and comparative reflection on Jewish conceptions of Gentiles and Islamic conceptions of non-Muslims. It argues that Judaism and Islam both maintain meaningful boundaries, but these boundaries are not reducible to hostility, ethnic superiority, or social prejudice. Rather, they function as theological, ethical, legal, and communal frameworks through which believers understand covenant, revelation, moral responsibility, and public order. Drawing on the Hebrew Bible, rabbinic tradition, the Qur’an, Hadith, classical Islamic legal categories, and contemporary scholarship, the article examines how Jews, Gentiles, Muslims, and non-Muslims have been imagined within sacred and social worlds. It uses theoretical insights from Mary Douglas, Talal Asad, Robert Bellah, Daniel Boyarin, Rene Girard, Joshua Sabih, Magnus Zetterholm, Christine Hayes, Mark Cohen, and other scholars to interpret boundaries as identity-forming structures that can become either protective disciplines or exclusionary instruments. In keeping with the structure and scholarly pattern of a recently published article on faithful and responsible public ethics, this study also connects interreligious boundaries with contemporary concerns such as plural citizenship, minority rights, interfaith harmony, social unity, human dignity, and public responsibility. The article concludes that the religious other is not merely outside the community. The other often becomes the mirror through which the community clarifies its own identity, tests its ethical maturity, and discovers the universal implications of its particular faith.
Judaism; Islam; Gentiles; Non-Muslims; Interreligious Boundaries; Covenant; Ahl al-Kitab; Dhimma; Interfaith Ethics; Religious Other
Faithful and Responsible Artificial Intelligence: An Ethical Framework for Education, Faith Communities, and Public Life
Artificial intelligence has moved from specialist laboratories into ordinary classrooms, houses of worship, clinics, businesses, public institutions, and creative spaces. Its influence now reaches how people learn, communicate, worship, seek medical advice, evaluate evidence, form opinions, and imagine the future. This article proposes a faith-informed ethical framework for responsible AI use in education, faith communities, and public life. It argues that AI should neither be rejected as inherently anti-religious nor adopted as a morally neutral instrument. Rather, it must be governed by principles that protect human dignity, truthfulness, accountability, justice, privacy, human oversight, and public benefit. Drawing upon Islamic ethics, Christian social reflection, comparative religion, contemporary AI governance, and scholarship on atheism, morality, interfaith relations, public welfare, and digital surveillance, the article develops a model called Faithful and Responsible AI for Public Good. The model is designed for educators, mosque and church leaders, policy makers, health professionals, business leaders, researchers, and citizens who need practical moral guidance in a rapidly changing technological environment. The article gives special attention to the role of faith communities because they shape moral formation, trust, community life, and public conscience. It concludes that responsible AI requires more than technical compliance. It requires morally formed persons, accountable institutions, and public-interest scholarship capable of connecting innovation with human dignity, spiritual responsibility, and social welfare.
Artificial Intelligence; AI Ethics; Faith Communities; Islamic Ethics; Christian Ethics; Education; Public Good
مقارنة بين صفوة التفاسير للصابوني وتفسير المنير للزحيلي: دراسة في الأسلوب والخصائص العلمية
The Holy Qur’an is the primary source of guidance, legislation, and moral instruction for Muslims, encompassing beliefs, legal rulings, ethics, and universal principles of wisdom. Due to its linguistic depth, rhetorical excellence, and multilayered meanings, understanding the Qur’anic message requires systematic interpretation through the discipline of Tafsir (Qur’anic exegesis). Over the centuries, Muslim scholars have contributed significantly to this field, producing diverse exegetical works that reflect their scholarly backgrounds, methodological approaches, and intellectual environments. In the modern era, Qur’anic interpretation has witnessed renewed scholarly efforts aimed at presenting the Qur’an in a manner that combines classical authenticity with contemporary relevance. Among the most influential contemporary exegetical works are Safwat al-Tafasir by Imam Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni and Tafsir al-Munir by Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhaili. Both works have gained wide acceptance in academic institutions, religious seminaries, and among general readers due to their clarity, scholarly rigor, and methodological balance. Despite sharing a common objective—facilitating a correct understanding of the Qur’an—the two tafsirs differ in style, scope, and scholarly orientation. This study aims to present a comparative analytical examination of these two works, focusing specifically on their stylistic features, scholarly characteristics, and interpretative methodologies. This comparative study contributes to a deeper understanding of modern tafsir methodologies and underscores the continuing relevance of Qur’anic exegesis in shaping Islamic thought in the contemporary world.
Qur’anic Exegesis (Tafsir); Safwat al-Tafasir; Tafsir al-Munir; Comparative Study; Qur’anic Rhetoric; Islamic Jurisprudence; Contemporary Tafsir Methodology; Scholarly Interpretation
للإمام محمد علي الصابونيؒ: سيرته العلمية ومنهجه الفقهي والبلاغي وأثره في الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر
This study provides a comprehensive scholarly account of Imam Dr. Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (1928–2021), one of the most influential Sunni scholars and Qur’anic exegetes of the modern era. It examines his early life, educational journey, academic achievements, juristic methodology, literary and rhetorical contributions, and his enduring impact on contemporary Islamic thought. The research aims to highlight how Dr. al-Sabuni’s unique blend of classical Islamic education, rigorous scholarly training, and commitment to pedagogy shaped his prolific intellectual output and left a lasting imprint on Islamic scholarship. In conclusion, this study affirms that Dr. Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni stands as a towering figure in contemporary Sunni scholarship. His methodology, prolific writing, and pedagogical contributions have enriched Islamic knowledge, facilitated Qur’anic understanding, and inspired scholars and students alike. His legacy exemplifies a model of scholarly diligence, ethical conduct, and dedication to the service of Islam, making him one of the most respected Islamic scholars of the modern age.
Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni, Contemporary Islamic Scholarship, Qur’anic Exegesis, Safwat al-Tafasir, Sunni Jurisprudence, Islamic Education, Arabic Rhetoric
الدكتور وهبة الزحيلي: سيرته العلمية ومنهجه الفقهي والبلاغي وأثره في الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر
This article offers a comprehensive academic study of Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli (1932–2015), one of the most influential Muslim jurists and scholars of the modern era. It examines his scholarly biography, educational formation, juristic and rhetorical methodology, and his enduring impact on contemporary Islamic thought. The study aims to highlight the distinctive features of his intellectual project, which successfully integrated classical Islamic scholarship with the demands of modern legal and social realities. Born in Deir Atiyah, Syria, into a pious and knowledge-oriented family, Dr. al-Zuhayli was nurtured in an environment deeply rooted in Qur’anic values and prophetic ethics. His early education laid a strong foundation in Islamic sciences, which he later reinforced through advanced studies at prestigious institutions such as Al-Azhar University and Ain Shams University in Egypt. His unique academic path combined traditional Islamic disciplines with modern legal studies, culminating in a doctoral dissertation on The Effects of War in Islamic Jurisprudence, a comparative study between Islamic schools of law and international law. This interdisciplinary background significantly shaped his scholarly outlook and methodology. In conclusion, the study affirms that Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli’s scholarly legacy represents a balanced and authoritative model of modern Islamic scholarship. His integration of jurisprudence, rhetoric, and ethical commitment continues to play a vital role in shaping contemporary Islamic thought and guiding future generations of scholars.
Wahbah al-Zuhayli, Contemporary Islamic Thought, Islamic Jurisprudence, Comparative Fiqh, Rhetorical Methodology, Al-Tafsir al-Munir
معاشی دنیا: مسلم امہ کے بعض ماہرین معاشیات کی نظر میں
This research by having a short review of current “economic world and Muslim Ummah” discusses the present modern economic challenge. Economics is a worldwide problem. Its significance is understandable for every country۔In a country, the trade and market survive on the basis of economic. To Muslims, it includes Halal / lawful things whereas, to non-Muslims it includes essential items without any constraint of being Halal. The country that makes progress economically will better rule in the world; and people of this country will be prosperous. In such countries most of the social evils either do not exist or their ratio is low. A Muslim naturally raises question as to why we still face poverty and economic decline despite the fact that we are rich in resources. There are many reasons for this decline but the big reason is lack of education and research. Western governments have reserved all their resources for research work. In developed countries, every institute, university and company has a research center or lab attached to it, which is helpful in earning billions of dollar for the country. On the contrary, Muslim countries does not provide their scholars such facilities, therefore progress and economic growth is slow. Inductive methodology will be used in this research.
Muslim Ummah, economic challenge, Halal / lawful, economic decline, luxuries, social evils, economic growth.
نعمۃ الباری از علامہ غلام رسول سعیدی کی جدید بینکاری کی تصریحات کا معاصر شروحات بخاری کے ساتھ تقابلی و تحقیقی مطالعہ
At present, the Islamic world is facing many economic and financial challenges at the national and global level. It is our faith and belief that there is a workable solution to them in the last book of Allah, the guidance of the Holy Qur'an, and surely the last prophet of Allah, Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (peace be upon him) also gave his clear teachings on humanity through his good deeds and blessed hadiths. Have been delivered. Therefore, we should find a solution to these problems by researching and comparing the definitions and interpretations of contemporary scholars. Allama Ghulam Rasool Saeedi has been a great researcher in the recent past who has presented practical research on the challenges and problems faced by Muslims in the contemporary context. Therefore, a research study is necessary in this regard. In this article under review, the economic discussions of Ni’mat al-Bari by Allama Saeedi have been analyzed, researched and compared with the contemporary commentaries of Bukhari. The modern problems are faced, of course, there is a clear and concrete solution for them in the blessed hadiths and their contemporary interpretations and adaptations which have been highlighted
Comparative study,modern economic explanations, Allama Saeedi, Ni'mat al-Bari, contemporary commentary of Bukhari
ہندومت کے تصور جونی چکر اور اسلام کے عقیدہ آخرت کا تقابلی جائزہ
This paper presents a comparative study of two distinct eschatological beliefs: the concept of the jūnī chakkar (cycle of rebirth) in Hinduism and the belief in the Ākhirah (afterlife) in Islam. Hinduism perceives the soul (ātman) as eternal, trapped in a continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsāra), influenced by one’s deeds (karma). This cycle continues until the soul achieves moksha (liberation), which is seen as union with the supreme reality (Brahman), thus ending the cycle of reincarnation. On the other hand, Islam teaches that the soul is created by Allah and lives only one worldly life. After death, it enters a phase of Barzakh until the Day of Judgment, when all souls will be resurrected. Salvation (Najāt) in Islam is based on correct faith (ʿAqīdah), righteous deeds (ʿAmāl-i-Ṣāliḥah), and ultimately, the mercy of Allah. The Islamic worldview emphasizes accountability, divine justice, and a linear concept of time and existence, unlike the cyclical notion found in Hinduism. This research highlights the fundamental theological, philosophical, and moral differences between the two worldviews. It also explores how these beliefs influence ethical behavior, social structures, and individual perspectives on suffering, responsibility, and purpose in life. The study concludes that while both religions address the soul’s journey and ultimate destiny, their foundational premises differ profoundly in terms of time, divine nature, and the means to salvation.
Reincarnation, Afterlife, Karma, Ākhirah, Salvation
سیرتِ طیبہؐ کی روشنی میں سیاسی، معاشی و سماجی چیلنجز کا حل
The contemporary world is facing an array of complex political, economic, and social crises, such as international conflicts, financial injustice, moral decline, inequality, and the erosion of human values. This study explores how the life of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ (Sīrah al-Ṭayyibah) offers timeless guidance and practical solutions to these global challenges. The Prophetic model, rooted in justice, mercy, and ethical governance, presents a comprehensive framework that is applicable to both individual and collective spheres. Politically, the Prophet’s strategies, such as the Constitution of Madinah and his diplomatic missions, exemplify inclusive governance, interfaith coexistence, and international engagement. Economically, the Sīrah promotes a just and interest-free system emphasizing partnership (muḍārabah, mushārakah), wealth redistribution (zakāh, ṣadaqah, inheritance), and ethical trade practices. Socially, the Sīrah addresses issues such as gender equity, minority rights, moral development, and community harmony, offering a model of human dignity and social justice. Furthermore, the study highlights the urgency of implementing Prophetic teachings in modern educational curricula, media, and policymaking, urging the Muslim world to revive the Sīrah not merely as a historical narrative but as a living, actionable system of life. By internalizing the moral and structural elements of the Sīrah, the Muslim Ummah can rebuild itself as a model of ethical civilization in a world searching for meaning, justice, and stability.
Prophetic Biography, Political Strategy, Economic Justice, Social Harmony, Modern Challenges, Islamic Guidance.
نظم قرآن سے متعلق مولانا اصلاحیؒ اور جمہور کے نظریات کا تقابلی مطالعہ
The concept of Nazm al-Qur'an (coherence in the Qur'an) has been a subject of scholarly debate among Islamic scholars. This article presents a comparative analysis of the perspectives of Mawlana Amin Ahsan Islahi and the majority of classical exegetes (Jumhur Mufassirin) regarding Nazm al-Qur'an. While both Islahi and the majority of scholars acknowledge the significance of coherence in the Qur'an, differences emerge in their conceptualization and application. Islahi asserts that Nazm al-Qur'an is definitive (qat'i), whereas the majority of scholars consider it speculative (zanni). Furthermore, Islahi assigns Nazm al-Qur'an a fundamental role in interpretation, making it the primary framework, whereas classical scholars regard it as one of several interpretive principles rather than the central one. A key distinction is Islahi’s subordination of external sources, such as Hadith, Asbab al-Nuzul, and reports from the Companions and Successors, to the coherence of the Qur'an. In contrast, classical exegetes incorporate all interpretive sources without strictly subordinating them to Nazm al-Qur'an. This comparative study highlights the epistemological and methodological differences that shape their approaches to Qur'anic interpretation.
Nazm al-Qur'an, Coherence, Qur'anic Interpretation, Amin Ahsan Islahi, Classical Exegesis, Methodology
آن لائن پلیٹ فارمز کے ذریعے اسلامی تعلیمات کی ترسیل:مثبت اور منفی پہلو
In today's borderless world, the way people communicate has been greatly impacted by advancements in new communication technologies like social media platforms. Modern science has made people more focused on material things, making it harder for them to think about Deen and Aakherat. That is way modern IT equipment can be a more effective tool for religios outreach. Accounting to the discussion, social media has benefits and drawbacks in our Muslim society noticeably from Islamic Perspective. It is believed that globalization has brought about new challenges for the Muslim world in terms of media and technology. This article explains how Islam is being promoted through Online platforms and their benefits and drawbacks.
Online platforms,Islamic teachings,negative and positive aspects
ڈاکٹر سہیل احمد خاں کی نثرمیں صوفیا ،علما اور مفکرین ِاسلام
Doctor Sohail Ahmad Khan was an eminent critic of Urdu literature as well as international literature. He had a vast understanding of different literatures of the world. He magnified the vision and knowledge of readers regarding Urdu literature and international literature by his vivid critical essays. Many prominent Islamic personalities have been discussed in his critical work that contributes a lot in the fields of life like poetry, science, Islamic mysticism. The theories, faiths, beliefs and spirituality of these Islamic scholars and mystics have a deep impact on the international literature. Dr. Sohail Ahmad Khan described the wider ideologies of these different pivotal Islamic personalities and their role in literature.
Dr Sohail Ahmad Khan, Islamic scholars and mystics, Critical theories, literatures.
محدثین کا ذوق ِ تصوف۔تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Across every epoch of Islamic world, eminence scholars (A’immah) have reviltalized the spirit of Islam through groundbreaking thought, theological insight, and transformative writings. These luminaries mastered diverse Islamic disciplines, distinguishing themselves as Qur’anic exegetes (Mufassirīn), jurists (Fuqahāʾ), independent legal authorities (Mujtahidīn), hadith masters (Muhaddithīn), scholastic theologians (mutakallimīn), and linguistic pioneers. Over time, these scholars were categorized by specialization. Among them emerged a unique cohort: hadith scholars (Muhaddithīn) with a pronounced Sufi orientation. Countering the prevalent assumption that hadith scholars focused exclusively on external sciences while avoiding Sufism, however, the reality is contrary to this. They were deeply engaged whether directly or indirectly through intellectual lineage with Sufi thought and its practitioners. They championed ascetic rigor (zuhd) and mystical wisdom (ʿirfān), while maintaining formal initiation into Sufi orders (Sāḥib al-Khirqah). This article provides a list of these hadith scholars who were also Sufis. This study also demonstrates that many eminent Muhaddithīn maintained strong Sufi affiliations and through meticulous documentation of figures like Al-Hakim Al-Nishapuri, Abu Nu‘aym Al-Isfahani, Al-Qastallani, Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani, and Al-Suyuti and others. It critically examines their mystical tendencies and institutional connections to Sufi traditions.
Muhaddithīn, Eminence, Eminent, Sufism, Sāḥib al-khirqah, Muhaddith-Sufis, Mystical Trends, Affiliations, Institutional Connections
فتاوی نوریہ میں "العادۃ محکمۃ" سے استدلال کا منھج
This study delves into the jurisprudential methodology adopted in Fatāwā Nūriyyah, with a particular focus on the principle of al-‘Ādah al-Muḥakkamah — the maxim that recognized custom holds authoritative status in Islamic law. The research analyzes how Mufti Noor Ullah Naeemi, a renowned Hanafi jurist of the Indian subcontinent, incorporated local and prevailing customs into his legal reasoning and fatwas. By examining selected rulings from Fatāwā Nūriyyah, the study illustrates the criteria under which a custom is considered valid (sahih) and binding (muḥakkam) within the framework of the Hanafi school.The paper also discusses the balance maintained between normative Islamic texts and societal practices, highlighting the flexibility embedded in the Hanafi legal tradition. It sheds light on the role of ‘ādah in addressing novel issues, especially in the absence of explicit textual evidence. The research concludes that Mufti Noor Ullah’s methodology exemplifies a pragmatic yet principled application of Islamic jurisprudence, ensuring legal relevance across changing cultural and temporal contexts.This exploration contributes to contemporary Islamic legal discourse by reaffirming the significance of contextual and customary considerations in fatwa-giving, particularly in pluralistic societies.
Fatāwā Nūriyyah, al-‘Ādah al-Muḥakkamah, Hanafi Jurisprudence, Mufti Noor Ullah Naeemi, Custom in Islamic Law, Islamic Legal Methodology
سماجی اور خاندانی تعلقات میں محبت، ہمدردی اور خیر خواہی کے اصول ( اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں اختصاصی مطالعہ)
Human social and domestic relations, which foster social peace, unity, and respect for one another, are founded on love, sympathy, and benevolence. They support moral principles, tolerance, and harmony in society and fortify the family unit. This research article explores the significance of these ideals from several perspectives and shows how they contribute to addressing the intricate problems of the contemporary world. According to research, benevolence for social well-being, trust and stability in family affairs, and the development of interpersonal relationships are all significantly impacted by feelings of love and compassion. It examines how implementing these ideas might improve the family unit, address issues like social isolation and loneliness, and bring back human values. This research concludes that love, sympathy, and benevolence are indispensable in strengthening family ties and building a peaceful, balanced, and harmonious social system. By following these principles, a stable family and an ideal society can be created, manifesting individual prosperity and collective progress.
قربانی کے دن سنت ابراہیمی کی مشروعیت اورایام قربانی کی تعیین میں فقہاء کااختلاف امام قرطبی کی فقہی تحقیقات کی روشنی میں
Sacrifice is the Sunnah of Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and it is celebrated in the memory of Hazrat Ismail and it is obligatory upon the Muslims. This Sunnah will be fulfilled by slaughtering animals. In this regard, the view of some jurists is that this sacrifice is only special with the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, so the animal will be slaughtered on the same day, and some have said three days, some have said four days, and some have said that the sacrifice is valid for six days. The ruling on the validity and legitimacy of the sacrifice is different, so in the light of this difference, this topic is very important. In this article, an attempt has been made to solve this jurisprudential issue.
Sacrifice, Jurisprudential Issue, Imam Qurtubi, Tashriq Days.
Curbing the Menace of Sectarianism in Pakistan: A Securitization Model Perspective
Islam has been, as much, a force of unity, as of dis-unity. With a multi-faceted ethnically driven society, Pakistan is home to many religions and sects. The basic principles on which the state stands tall; the ideology of Pakistan, is challenged every single time when masses are strangled to death over radicalization and extremism rooted by sectarianism. This article gives an in-depth analysis of religious extremism as an impetus to sectarian violence that has dismantled the social fabric of the state. This paper figures out the dichotomy underpinning correlation of sectarianism with the political identity of the state. Contingent upon the qualitative methodology and primary as well as secondary sources of data collection, the paper intends to shed light upon the internal dynamics and role of external players, adding fuel to fire, in this grave threat to the security of the state. The geo-strategic threats and the polarization of Shia Sunni conflict have taken a massive turn after the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the promotion of Wahabi/Salafist movement by Saudi Arabia as well as the intrusion of hard-line religious groups of Afghanistan in the internal politics of the country. A grave threat imposed on the state and its security through the suicide attacks at mosques and Imambarghas targeting either sect has led the country into the pit of sectarian divide. Under the lens of Buzan’s notion of security, and the securitization theory, this paper unveils the reasons to securitize the issue of sectarianism. The paper extends to look deep into the correlation of political identity and the rising sectarian violence with the failure of policies to curb sectarian conflicts. Moreover, the reason for the failure to resolve the sectarian divide lies in the role of external factors that have only launched a proxy war in the country. The representation of policies to tackle the violence and extremism caused by the sectarian divide is the core purpose given by the author to determine the internal security threat of the country.
Radicalization, extremism, sectarianism, polarization, proxy war
Poverty Alleviation and Economic Empowerment “Islamic Approaches to Poverty Alleviation Zakat and Wealth distribution’’
In Islam poverty alleviation and wealth distribution are central aspects of social justice with clear guidelines for addressing economic inequality. One of the most important mechanisms for this is Zakat a mandatory giving that is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Zakat is a form of wealth redistribution requiring Muslims who possess a certain amount of wealth to donate a portion usually 2.5%of their annual savings and assets to those in need. This obligation serves not only as a means to purify wealth but also as a way to support the less fortunate reduce poverty and foster a sense of solidarity within the community. Islamic teachings emphasize that wealth should not be hoarded or concentrated in the hands of a few. The Qur'an and Hadith underscore the importance of wealth circulation stating that it is meant to benefit society as a whole. In addition to Zakat, Islam encourages voluntary charitable acts (Sadaqah) and investments that promote economic welfare. The Islamic concept of Waqf (endowment) is another tool for poverty alleviation where individuals or institutions donate property or assets for perpetual charitable purposes such as building schools hospitals or providing microfinance to empower the poor. This paper explores the significance of Zakat as a key instrument of poverty alleviation in Islamic tradition, focusing on its theological foundations, legal implications, and practical applications. It also examines the distribution mechanisms prescribed in Islamic jurisprudence, which prioritize ensuring that aid reaches the most vulnerable, including the poor, orphans, widows, and those in debt. Furthermore, the study addresses the broader concept of Islamic social justice, which encourages wealth redistribution through voluntary charity (Sadaqah), ethical business practices, and social welfare systems. By analyzing the mechanisms and impact of Zakat, this paper highlights the Islamic commitment to poverty alleviation, emphasizing how the holistic approach to wealth and charity in Islam can offer sustainable solutions to contemporary poverty challenges. Through this lens, Islamic charity not only seeks to alleviate material deprivation but also aims to foster social cohesion and spiritual well-being within the community.
Poverty, Wealth, Economic, Riba, Waqf, Solidarity, Charity Welfare.
The Role of Islamic Scholar in Shaping Media Narratives
In the era of advance technology, media plays a crucial role in society. The vast audience of media cannot be refuged without either consideration.so we can’t forget media in this world of advancement where one statement of a person can change the prospective of a whole nation. Islamic scholars have played a significant role in shaping media narratives, particularly in the context of the Muslim world. Their influence extends beyond traditional religious teachings to include the interpretation of political, social and cultural issues through an Islamic lens. As media becomes an increasingly powerful tool in shaping public opinion scholars provide intellectual and moral guidance that helps frame discussions on key issues such as governance, ethics, social justice, and interfaith relations.In the digital age Islamic scholars engage with media through various platforms including social media, television, and podcasts where they address contemporary challenges facing Muslim communities and offer insights based on Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Theology (aqeedah) and history. They often intervene in debates on topics such as extremism, gender roles, and the relationship between Islam and modernity. By offering nuanced interpretations of Islamic teachings they can challenge misrepresentations of Islam and promote a more balanced understanding in global media narratives.Moreover, Islamic scholars can act as mediators between Western media and the Muslim world helping to bridge cultural gaps and reduce stereotypes. They contribute to the creation of media content that is both faithful to Islamic values and responsive to the needs of a rapidly changing world. In this way, they not only shape how Islam is portrayed in the media but also influence the broader discourse on global issues, advocating for peace, tolerance, and social harmony from an Islamic perspective.
Media, Digital Media and Social Platforms, Tariq Ramadan, Sheikh Hamza Yusuf, Muslim Scholars.
امام کرمانی کی زندگی اور خدمات: اسلام کے ایک ہمہ جہت عالم
Imām Shams al-Dīn Kirmānī was a distinguished Islamic scholar of the seventh century. Renowned as an interpreter, Muḥaddith, jurist, historian, and a man held in high esteem by his contemporaries, his contributions to the Muslim Ummah are both comprehensive and invaluable. Imām Kirmānī’s expertise in Islamic sciences is evident in his remarkable works. His most notable contribution is Kawkab al-Darārī, the first commentary (Sharḥ) on Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beyond this, he made significant contributions to ʿUṣūl al-Tafsīr and exhibited a profound analytical approach in his examination of Sharḥ al-Kashshāf. His scholarly mastery extended further to Sharḥ al-Fawāʾid al-Ghaythiyya, where he demonstrated a deep understanding of ʿIlm al-Maʿānī (The Science of Meanings) and ʿIlm al-Bayān (The Science of Eloquence), two foundational branches of Arabic rhetoric (ʿIlm al-Balāgha). His deep understanding of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is evident in his Risālah fī Masʾalat al-Kuḥāl. This research not only provides a comprehensive analysis of the life and prominent scholarly contributions of Imām Kirmānī but also seeks to shed light on the contributions of a scholar of his time whose works have not been thoroughly explored before, thereby underscoring his unique and enduring legacy.
Imām Shams al-Dīn Kirmānī, Risālah fī Masʾalat al-Kuḥāl, Kawkab al-Darārī, Muḥaddith, Jurist, Historian.
التطبيقات الدعوية للمقاصد الشرعية "التحسينية "(دراسة وصفیة تحلیلة)
اِسلام کے عمرانی اصول ومبادی اَور فرد کی تعمیر
The reform of the societ depends on the people's behaviors towards reformative and constructive attitude.Islam develops the mental and intellectual wisdom of individuals by its divine teachings, which covers all the aspects of life. This reformation and training of individual is the foundation of a strong and stable society. A society is formed by the mutual collaboration of individuals, as more the individuals become righteous, pious with moral qualities, the society will transform into a developed and progressed society. It is obvious that that the reformation and progression of society will not be possible with out the positive and constructive training of its individuals. Islam considers some core principles for a righteous and peaceful society. Islam guides its followers to adopt the habit of cleanliness, not only physically but spiritualy also. Cleanliness is one of the fundamental principles of Islam. It covers all aspects of material life and spiritual life of individuals. Material life is transcended by purity, elegance and cleanliness, while spiritual life is excelled by good moral values, repentance, chasitity, self accountability, avoidance of polythesism, Halal income etc. Humanity well being's lies in followig these rules and laws imposed by Allah SWT. By following these laws the reformation of individuals 's souls is possible
Reforms, moral values, Chasitity, humanity, well being, purity
"معین القضاة والمفتیین " میں ارکان نکاح سے متعلق دفعات کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ
No doubt, lslam is the complete code of life, a divine gift to humanity from its creator.it is, infact, a collection of laws and principles that set it a part from other creations, such as animals. For instance the human being is an example of nature's perfection, and all Islamic laws align perfectly with the natural order. It is nearly impossible to find an example in any other legal or moral system that satisfies human emotions and needs as effectively as Islamic laws do. Take, for example the rulling on marriage. Islam provides guidelines to fulfill the natural requirements of humanity, preserving human dignity, nobility and addressing sexual needs in a respectful and organised manner. The demonstrats no other system has been able to present an alternative as comprehensive as Islam's over the course of fifteen centure.Although some reasercher or orthodox minded scholars criticise islamic laws often on the based on jealously their objection failed to hold merit even a novice and apprentice in the field of reaserch can recognize that these objection system from the lack of understanding or other rival reasons. Additionally, the constant need to revise man made laws every few years has become a challenge for legal expert underscoring the time less wisdom of Islamic principles. In concluding note, ylthe person who adheres to divine laws fulfills the natural requirements of humanity while maintaining the highest standards of moral and social excellence. Islamic law ensure that humanity remains noble and dignified, a testament to their divinely ordained perfection.
Pillars of Nikah, Mu'īn al-Quḍāt wa al-Muftīn, Islamic Jurisprudence