Islamic Perspective on Economic Thought in the Poetry of Mian Muhammad Bakhsh: A Critical Study of Wealth, Poverty, Distribution of Resources, and Ethical Economics

Abstract

This study examines the Islamic Perspective on economic thought embedded in the poetry of Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, with particular attention to wealth, poverty, distribution of resources, charity, governance and social responsibility. Focusing mainly on Saif ul Malook, the article argues that Bakhsh does not present a formal theory of economics. Instead, his poetry develops a moral and Sufi understanding of economic life. Wealth is treated as temporary and ethically meaningful only when it serves human welfare. The study highlights his concern for the poor, hungry, orphans, travelers and other vulnerable groups. It also shows how generosity, food provision, remission of financial burdens, support for trade and just rule form part of his wider moral vision. A comparative reading with Baba Farid, Sultan Bahu, and Bulleh Shah reveals shared concerns with poverty, detachment, equality and the limits of material status. However, Bakhsh gives greater narrative attention to distribution and public welfare. The article concludes that his poetry offers a distinctive model of Sufi moral economy rooted in justice, compassion, responsibility, and collective well being. This perspective also gives his work continuing contemporary social relevance.